IMPROVEMENT OF THE BIOMECHANICAL STRUCTURE OF ELBOW ANGLES WHEN HIGHLY QUALIFIED POWERLIFTERS PERFORM THE COMPETITIVE BENCH PRESS EXERCISE

Abstract

The aim of the article was to improve the biomechanical structure of the elbow joint angles when performed by highly qualified powerlifters and to substantiate the results of the experimental program of the competitive exercise of the bench press with a load of 30%, 60% and 90% of the maximum lifted weight. The study was conducted in the city of Kharkiv at the Sports School No. 9, where 12 highly qualified athletes (9 MSU and 3 MSUMK) in the weight category up to 105 and 120 kilograms participated. The study allowed for a comprehensive biomechanical analysis of changes in the angles of the elbow joint biolinks during the performance of the competitive exercise of the bench press by highly qualified powerlifters under the conditions of using loads of 30%, 60% and 90% of the maximum weight. The applied experimental complexes, developed on the basis of the phase approach, contributed not only to the improvement of the technical training of athletes, but also to the identification of specific changes in the spatial kinematics of movement.Based on the data obtained, it was established that the technical structure of movement in most phases of the exercise underwent positive changes after the introduction of the experimental complexes. Statistically significant differences in the angles in the elbow joints were recorded in the phases of assuming the starting position (t=2.24–2.30; p<0.05), starting position (t=2.53–2.67; p<0.05), lowering the bar to the chest (t=2.24–2.58; p<0.05) and starting from the chest (t=2.41–2.98; p<0.05). This indicates the effectiveness of the impact of targeted exercises on improving controllability, amplitude and stability of technical actions in key phases of movement. At the same time, in the fixation phase, a significant improvement was recorded only at a load of 90% (t=3.10; p<0.05), which may indicate the formation of a stable motor stereotype in conditions of a high level of power load. The presence of insignificant changes at loads of 30% and 60% in this phase (p>0.05) indicates the relative constancy of the technical action in the final part of the exercise. In general, the results of the study confirm that an individualized phase approach to building a training process is an effective means of optimizing technique in powerlifting. The revealed sensitivity of technical characteristics to changes in load emphasizes the need for systematic control of biomechanical parameters of movement when developing training programs. The results obtained can be used to form methodological recommendations for technical training, in particular, taking into account phase analysis and variability of motor actions in athletes of a high level of qualification.